The Bayburt fortress, which is reached by crossing the mountains of Zigana and Kop, is also located on the trade route connecting the Black Sea to the Persian Gulf. There is a lot of information about the name, importance, splendor and daily life of the castle that every traveler follows this path. It is not known who built the castle which was built on steep rocks in the north of the city. Although it was suggested that the first structure belonged to the Armenians, the Bayburt Castle, which was mentioned during the Bagrat dynasty (885-1044), appeared to have played a role in the local prince and struggle during the first centuries of the Christ. It was learned from Movses of Khoren that Bağ Senbad oğlu (Asbed) son of Piurad of Bagrat in the 1st century when the Baghrates developed, and established his atabeylik as the commander-in-chief of the western army. It was founded before the years. The castle was under Roman, Armenian, Byzantine, Arab and Kommenos rule before the Turks. The Bayburt Castle, which has a rich history, has been repaired many times. Accordingly, the son of the Seljuk ruler Kilicarslan II and the melik of Erzurum Tugrul Shah (T.622 / 1225) has rebuilt this fortress, which is a fortified location especially against the attacks coming from the Trabzon Empire. There are 20 Arabic inscriptions documenting this construction on the castle. The 17th of the inscriptions concentrating mostly on the bushes on the facades facing the city with the doors could not be read in the period of Tugrul Shah and one in the Kanunlu period.The castle, which was in the hands of the Akkoyunlu State for a while, was transferred to the Ottomans in 1514, and after the reign of Sultan Süleyman and III. Murat also underwent major repairs. Evliya Çelebi, who visited Bayburt in 1647, writes that there is a neighborhood of 300 houses and Ebü’l Feth Mosque in the castle. The castle, which was occasionally occupied and destroyed, was lastly destroyed by the Russians during the 1828 Ottoman-Russian war. This castle is also called “Çinimaçin” castle. The name of the castle is the name of the tile decorations. Purple and green turquoise tiles are used as decorations on the outer surfaces of these. Because of the wars and the destruction of these tiles, there is no trace of these tiles. Bayburt Castle is the castle where Beyrek (Bey Böyrek or Bamsı Böyrek) has conquered and gained fame in the story named “Kam Büre Son Declares Bamsı Beyrek Boyun un (Dede Korkut).